Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve, renowned globally as a safe haven for the majestic one-horned rhino, has recently unveiled an astonishingly vibrant and diverse community of insects and spiders within its boundaries.
A groundbreaking rapid survey, spearheaded by entomologists from The Corbett Foundation in collaboration with Kaziranga’s dedicated forest personnel, successfully documented a remarkable 283 species of insects and spiders flourishing within a specific woodland area of the tiger reserve.
The comprehensive report, accompanied by informative booklets, was officially launched on September 26th. Dignitaries present at the release included Kamakhya Prasad Tasa, MP for the Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency; Khumtai MLA Mrinal Saikia; and Vinay Gupta, Assam’s Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, underscoring the significance of this ecological discovery.
This pioneering study identified 254 insect species and 29 spider species, a crucial advancement in comprehending Kaziranga’s previously “overlooked” biodiversity. Photo: Special Arrangement
This in-depth study successfully identified 254 insect species and 29 spider species, a milestone that forest officials emphasize is critical for truly understanding Kaziranga’s often “overlooked” biodiversity. The findings powerfully underscore the urgent necessity for robust insect conservation efforts, particularly as the escalating threats of climate change hasten species extinction worldwide.
Among the documented invertebrates, butterflies and moths formed a significant portion, representing 85 species or 30% of Kaziranga’s insect population. Additionally, the survey cataloged 40 species (14%) of ants, bees, and wasps, alongside 35 species (12%) of beetles, showcasing a rich tapestry of life.
Assam’s Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Minister, Chandra Mohan Patowary, highlighted the methodological rigor of the survey, stating, “Conducted using scientific sampling methods with visual estimation and photographic evidence, this landmark study not only unveils the park’s frequently ignored micro-faunal wealth but also establishes an essential baseline for all subsequent research and conservation initiatives.”
Minister Patowary affirmed the State Government’s unwavering commitment, under the leadership of Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, to safeguard all facets of biodiversity, extending protection even to the smallest yet most critical life forms.
Sonali Ghosh, the esteemed director of the tiger reserve, pointed out a sobering global trend: “Nearly 40% of insect species worldwide are facing decline, primarily due to habitat destruction, deforestation, and the pervasive impact of climate change. While Kaziranga rightfully earns acclaim for its magnificent megafauna, this vital study profoundly demonstrates that the park’s enduring resilience is equally, if not more, dependent on the tireless work of its small but mighty pollinators, essential soil aerators, and natural pest-controllers—the unsung heroes that keep the entire ecosystem thriving.”
Park officials underscored the indispensable ecological contributions of these insects and spiders. They are crucial for seed dispersal, play a pivotal role in maintaining soil health, and are essential for plant regeneration, forming the fundamental bedrock of the food web that supports Kaziranga’s iconic wildlife.
“These findings firmly cement Kaziranga’s reputation as a genuine hotspot of invertebrate diversity,” Ms. Ghosh concluded, emphasizing the profound importance of this discovery.
Historically, Kaziranga has been celebrated primarily for its “Big Five” species: the magnificent Indian rhinoceros, the elusive Bengal tiger, the majestic Asian elephant, the formidable wild water buffalo, and the graceful eastern swamp deer.
Covering an expansive 1,307.49 square kilometers, the tiger reserve proudly hosts the world’s largest population of one-horned rhinos, with the latest count at 2,613 individuals. Furthermore, a 2024 report indicates that Kaziranga boasts the third-highest density of tigers globally, with an impressive 18.65 individuals per 100 square kilometers, highlighting its paramount significance for both iconic species.