In an exciting revelation for biodiversity enthusiasts, a team of dedicated researchers has unveiled a brand-new species of jumping spider, *Pilia malenadu*, hidden within the vibrant ecosystems of the Western Ghats. This unique discovery took place in Madhugundi village, nestled in the Mudigere taluk of Chikkamagaluru. Fittingly, the spider has been named “Pilia malenadu” as a tribute to its homeland, the ‘Malenadu’ region.
A Century in Hiding
This finding is particularly remarkable because it’s been over 123 years—since 1902 in Kerala—since a species from the *Pilia* genus was last documented. Published in *Zootaxa*, a prestigious international journal for biodiversity research, this study also marks the first time both male and female specimens of a *Pilia* species have been formally recorded.
The initial spotting of these fascinating arachnids was made by Ajit Padiyar, a wildlife and management postgraduate who works as a naturalist at a local resort in Madhugundi. Padiyar observed 24 individual spiders, including 17 males, three females, and four juveniles, all contributing to the identification of *Pilia malenadu*. Unlike common house or garden spiders, *Pilia malenadu* represents a genus unseen for over a century, making this a pivotal moment in understanding these intricate creatures.
Padiyar co-authored the groundbreaking research with a team of fellow spider enthusiasts: Dr. John T.D. Caleb, a renowned arachnologist specializing in taxonomy; Dr. A.P.C. Abhijith, a medical doctor; and Jithesh Pai, an IT professional. Interestingly, Padiyar previously discovered the saffron reedtail, a rare damselfly species endemic to the Western Ghats, in the very same location last year.
According to Padiyar, “The presence of such rare species in Madhugundi village, at the foothills of the Western Ghats, is a clear indicator of a thriving and healthy ecosystem. It critically highlights the urgent necessity to preserve this invaluable natural environment.”
Habitat Specialists
A key observation from the research is the spiders’ strong preference for specific habitats. They were exclusively found on two plant species: *Memecylon umbellatum* and *Memecylon malabaricum*, often tucked away between their leaves. The team meticulously photographed and preserved specimens for detailed morphological examination.
“Our research clearly demonstrates that these spiders are highly habitat-specific. Should we fail to protect their natural environment, there is a very real risk of losing this species forever,” Padiyar emphasized. He added, “Spiders play a crucial role as biological controllers, helping to keep insect populations in balance. The discovery of such a unique species further underscores the vital importance of conserving the precious biodiversity of the Western Ghats.”
It’s worth noting that Madhugundi village experienced severe flooding in 2019, which led to significant damage and displacement. This history further highlights the vulnerability of these rich ecosystems and the communities living within them.