Indian wildlife conservationist Vivek Menon has achieved a significant milestone, becoming the first Asian to chair the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) in its 75-year history. A recognized voice in wildlife conservation and environmental commentary, Menon, who holds a deep passion for elephants, emphasized the global importance of maintaining ecological integrity and safeguarding endemic and keystone species.
On India’s Species and Conservation Efforts:
Menon noted that India is home to a remarkable 7-8% of the world’s recorded species, encompassing over 45,000 plant and 91,000 animal species. He pointed out that the health of these species is directly linked to habitat quality and the pressures exerted by human activities. While population trends for iconic species like tigers, leopards, elephants, and rhinoceros are well-documented, many species, particularly birds, face declining and fragmented populations. India has over 70 critically endangered species, including the Namdapha Flying Squirrel and Chinese Pangolin, and 18 bird species, such as the Great Indian Bustard, are at extreme risk. Despite these challenges, targeted conservation efforts have shown success in improving the status of several threatened species.
Protecting Wildlife Corridors:
Addressing the immense pressure on wildlife corridors and habitats, Menon stressed that these vital connections are often a consequence of habitat fragmentation. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent further fragmentation and protect existing corridors. These pathways, essential for wildlife movement and population connectivity, must be safeguarded from anthropogenic stressors. Regular monitoring is key to ensuring the safety of animals using these corridors and to promptly address any emerging threats.
Global Species Conservation Priorities:
Globally, Menon highlighted that maintaining species diversity is fundamental to ecological integrity. He specifically called for increased attention to species listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List, especially those endemic to particular regions. Ensuring robust populations of keystone species is also paramount, as they play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
Bird Population Decline:
Regarding the rapid decline in bird populations, Menon explained that it’s a multifaceted issue. While generalist species like the Rock Pigeon are thriving, the State of India’s Birds (2023) report indicates that nearly 60% of species show long-term declines. Habitat specialists, particularly those in wetlands, grasslands, and forests, as well as carnivorous, insectivorous, and granivorous birds, are most affected. Climate change and other environmental factors contribute to this worrying trend.