During a recent monsoon expedition into the lush Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, researchers made an astounding discovery: the first-ever recorded presence of the intriguing spider species, Araneus nox, in India.
This particular orb-weaving species was previously believed to be exclusive to Southeast Asian nations such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand, making its appearance in India a truly significant event for arachnological studies.
Originally identified by French arachnologist Eugène Simon in 1877 from Basilan in the Philippines, the Araneus nox is renowned for crafting exquisite, vertically oriented circular webs. These intricate structures are typically found among vegetation and tree branches, with survey participants observing the spiders at various heights, from waist-level to approximately seven feet.
Dr. Mathew M. J., a senior scientist from the Centre for Arachnology Research at Bharata Mata College (Autonomous), Thrikkakara, who spearheaded the survey, emphasized the profound importance of this discovery. “This is a significant finding. While only female Araneus nox spiders had been reported from other countries, this marks the first instance where both male and female specimens have been identified within India,” he stated.
Dr. Mathew further hinted at more wonders unearthed during the expedition, noting, “Several other novel and rare spider species were also documented in the sanctuary, and ongoing research is diligently working to uncover more intricate details about these fascinating creatures.”
According to Dr. Mathew, “The presence of Araneus nox spiders in India, alongside various Western Ghats endemics, underscores the crucial necessity for sustained taxonomic research and systematic monitoring of our diverse fauna. Ongoing surveys are vital to unveil additional hidden biodiversity, guide effective conservation strategies, and reinforce efforts to safeguard this globally recognized biodiversity hotspot.”
Among the other remarkable finds, the survey also documented three spider species endemic to the Western Ghats: Bowie cochinensis (Ctenidae), Prosoponoides idukkiense (Linyphiidae), and the exceptionally rare Mimetus parvulus (Mimetidae). Dr. Mathew explained that “These discoveries reaffirm the distinct ecological character of the region and highlight the sanctuary’s indispensable role as a haven for vulnerable and species with limited geographical ranges.”
The dedicated team from the Centre for Arachnology Research at Bharata Mata College carried out this extensive survey in two distinct phases: first from August 27 to 30, and then again from September 19 to 20. Across these expeditions, a total of 81 spider species were officially recorded.
Composed of Dr. Mathew and research assistants Jayadevan C.S. and Ashwin G., the team successfully cataloged an impressive 82 species representing 20 different families. Dr. Mathew noted, “Encountering such a high number of species during the monsoon season serves as a powerful indicator of the sanctuary’s rich arachnid diversity and its robust ecological health.”
G. Jayachandran, the Idukki Wildlife Warden, confirmed that comprehensive surveys of various species are ongoing within the sanctuary. “With the amphibian and spider surveys now complete, our next endeavor will be a detailed fish survey. These diverse investigations are crucial for understanding and tracking ecological patterns and changes within the sanctuary,” the officer explained.