In the heart of North Bihar’s fertile plains, amidst mango groves and tranquil ponds, a subtle yet powerful political shift is underway. Four distinct cultural symbols from the Mithilanchal region – the ceremonial Paag (Mithila turban), the staple Maachh (fish), the nutritious Makhana (fox nuts), and the traditional Paan (betel leaf) – have emerged as significant political currency. As the assembly elections approach, these emblems of Mithilanchal’s unique identity are prominently featured in campaign speeches, rallies, and social media across 14 constituencies in Darbhanga and Madhubani.
These symbols, once merely cultural markers, are now pivotal to political strategies. Candidates who fail to show genuine respect for these traditions risk being perceived as outsiders. Conversely, those who embrace them authentically can forge deeper emotional connections with voters, transcending traditional caste lines.
The Significance of the Paag: Dignity and Belonging
The Paag, a turban traditionally worn during significant ceremonies like weddings and convocations, embodies dignity, honour, and identity. For politicians, adorning the Paag is a gesture of respect towards Mithila, signifying their connection to the region. For the local populace, it serves as a symbol of belonging.
This powerful symbolism was recently highlighted during a controversy involving Maithili Thakur, a BJP candidate. A video circulated online showing her placing Makhana within a Paag and consuming it, leading to accusations from cultural groups of disrespecting a sacred symbol. Critics perceived this as a sign of her being disconnected from Maithil traditions. While she later apologized, the incident underscored the potent cultural sensitivities at play. As one local commented, “The Paag isn’t just a cap for a selfie; it’s integral to Mithila’s cultural and religious life, with a history stretching back centuries and specific codes of conduct.” The BJP’s carefully planned cultural outreach faced a setback, illustrating the deep resonance these symbols hold.
Makhana: From Livelihood to Political Manifesto
The Makhana, cultivated in Mithilanchal’s wetlands, is more than just a food item; it’s a vital source of livelihood for thousands of farmers. Its recognition with a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2022 has further amplified its importance, with political parties now incorporating its promotion into their manifestos.
The BJP champions Makhana as evidence of the government’s commitment to supporting local products on a global scale, aligning with the ‘Vocal for Local’ initiative. However, beneath these promises lie complex realities of caste hierarchies and economic disparities. Despite the GI tag, farmers often struggle with low earnings, while traders wield significant market power. Issues of pond access, price control, and profit distribution remain unevenly distributed.
Maachh and Mukesh Sahani’s Political Balancing Act
Fish (‘Maachh’) is a dietary staple and a significant political currency in North Bihar, particularly for the Mallah/Nishad community, traditionally involved in fishing and boating. This community represents a crucial voting bloc, making them a target for all political alliances.
Mukesh Sahani, chief of the Vikassheel Insaan Party (VIP), has positioned himself as a champion of the Extremely Backward Class (EBC) and Mallah pride. Having switched alliances, he is now aligned with the Mahagathbandhan, which has promised him the deputy chief minister position if they win, aiming to consolidate EBC votes. However, community leaders emphasize that voters prioritize tangible development, such as better infrastructure for riverine belts and job opportunities. If Sahani isn’t perceived as a strong contender, his support base may shift.
The ongoing seat negotiations have tested Sahani’s influence, with some local leaders showing leanings towards the BJP. His challenge lies in translating the cultural symbolism of Maachh and Nishad pride into concrete political gains.
Paan: A Subtle Indicator of Political Acumen
Even the humble Paan carries political weight in Mithila. A candidate’s engagement with Paan – whether they accept it gracefully, share it with elders, or know the correct etiquette – can signal their familiarity and respect for local customs. As one activist noted, “When a politician engages with villagers at a Paan stall and speaks in Maithili, it shows they understand the local culture. Appearing awkward or distant can be detrimental.”
Culture as Campaign Grammar
Across Darbhanga and Madhubani, these cultural symbols are now integral to political campaign messaging. The BJP is actively promoting itself as the guardian of Mithila’s identity, highlighting Paag rituals and proposing tourism initiatives around local landmarks. Their prominent candidate, Maithili Thakur, despite the earlier controversy, embodies a softer image of regional pride.
The Mahagathbandhan counters with a strategy that blends identity politics with social justice promises, focusing on welfare schemes for fisherfolk and supporting Makhana farmers through cooperative models. They aim to leverage regional pride to challenge the BJP’s nationalist narrative.
This dynamic reflects an urban-rural divide in perceptions: urban elites view these symbols as heritage markers, while rural voters see them as living elements tied to livelihood and dignity.
Beyond Symbolism: The Core of Governance
Political observers acknowledge that these cultural gestures, while important, cannot replace effective governance. The GI tag for Makhana won’t instantly solve farmers’ economic woes, Paan rituals won’t create jobs, and a Paag won’t prevent floods. However, in a region that prides itself on its distinct cultural identity within Bihar, these symbolic acts serve as crucial filters, revealing which leaders are truly trusted to represent Mithilanchal’s interests.
The BJP’s strategy focuses on fusing cultural nationalism with development, while the Mahagathbandhan banks on coalition-building driven by local identity. Leaders like Mukesh Sahani are key players in this intricate political landscape, testing the depth of cultural politics’ influence on the electorate.
Ultimately, in Mithilanchal, this election is not just about who will govern Patna. It’s about understanding the nuances of cultural representation – who correctly wears the Paag, who shares Paan with respect, who values the farmer’s Makhana, and who can transform symbolic representation into tangible outcomes. Here, culture is not mere decoration; it is, in essence, the ballot itself.