Vivek Menon, a distinguished Indian wildlife conservationist, has achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first Asian to chair the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC). In a recent interview, Menon, who has a lifelong passion for elephants and conservation, highlighted the global importance of preserving the ecological integrity of landscapes and safeguarding endemic and keystone species. He shared insights into the status of species in India and the pressing challenges they face.
IUCN’s Latest Findings on Indian Species
India is home to a remarkable 7-8% of the world’s recorded species, encompassing over 45,000 plant and 91,000 animal species. Menon noted that the survival of these species is directly linked to habitat quality and the pressures exerted by human activities. While populations of iconic species like tigers, leopards, elephants, and the one-horned rhinoceros are well-documented, many other species, particularly in fragmented and declining habitats, are a cause for concern. Critically, over 70 species are listed as Critically Endangered, including the Namdapha Flying Squirrel, Andaman and Nicobar Shrew, and Chinese Pangolin. Eighteen bird species, such as the White-winged Duck, Great Indian Bustard, and Bengal Florican, are also at extreme risk.
Despite these challenges, targeted conservation efforts have shown success in improving the status of several threatened species across the country.
Protecting Wildlife Corridors and Habitats
Menon addressed the increasing pressure on wildlife corridors and habitats, even as India expands its network of protected areas and tiger sanctuaries. He stressed that these corridors, which are vital for connecting habitats and maintaining wildlife populations, must be actively protected from further fragmentation and human interference. Regular monitoring is essential to ensure the safety of animals using these routes and to swiftly address any emerging threats. “The existing corridors that connect habitats and wildlife populations must remain undisturbed and safeguarded against further fragmentation and anthropogenic stressors,” Menon stated.
Global Priorities for Species Conservation
On a global scale, Menon emphasized that maintaining species diversity is fundamental to ecological integrity. However, he called for a focused approach on species listed as threatened by the IUCN Red List, especially those unique to specific regions. Ensuring robust populations of keystone species is also paramount, as they are critical for the overall health and balance of ecosystems.
The Decline of Bird Populations
Responding to the rapid decline in bird numbers, Menon explained that it is a multi-faceted issue, not solely attributable to climate change. The ‘State of India’s Birds (2023)’ report indicates that while generalist species are thriving, nearly 60% of bird species are experiencing long-term declines, with 40% currently in decline. Birds that are specialists to specific habitats, particularly wetlands, grasslands, and forests, as well as carnivorous, insectivorous, and granivorous species, are the most affected.