Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) have entered into a crucial defence agreement that will allow Australia access to PNG’s military infrastructure and personnel. The pact also establishes a mutual aid clause, where both nations will assist each other if attacked.
Both governments emphasize that the agreement stems from a long-standing alliance between the two Pacific neighbours. However, international observers view the deal as a strategic effort to counterbalance China’s growing presence and influence in the Pacific region.
Oliver Nobetau, project director for the Lowy Institute’s Australia-PNG network, noted that this agreement aims to limit China’s access to infrastructure in PNG, a privilege China has secured in other Pacific Island nations. The treaty also opens up opportunities for up to 10,000 Papua New Guineans to serve in the Australian military, with the potential for citizenship.
PNG, with its population of nearly 12 million, is the largest and most populous nation in the South Pacific. In recent years, China has significantly increased its trade relations with Pacific Island countries and is actively seeking to establish diplomatic and security ties. This has prompted Australia and its allies, including the United States, to strengthen their own regional partnerships.
Australia has previously made similar agreements with other Pacific nations, such as the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, following China’s security pacts in the region. Prime Minister James Marape of PNG, who signed the latest agreement with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, stated that the deal was not driven by geopolitical considerations and that PNG has been transparent with China regarding its alliances.
The agreement, named the “Pukpuk Treaty” (after the Pidgin word for crocodile), includes provisions for enhanced collaboration in cyberspace and electromagnetic warfare. It also involves annual joint military exercises, intended as a strategic message to demonstrate the interoperability and readiness of both forces against potential regional threats.
While the treaty is expected to modernize PNG’s military and provide a boost in morale and resources, there are some concerns within PNG about its implications for the nation’s foreign policy of maintaining neutrality. Experts suggest that while the deal strengthens security cooperation, clarity on mutual obligations and commitments is essential for both parties.